Dans Open Buddhism, nous avons pu avoir accès à des documents d’époque avec des témoignages de première main : The Party, A Chronological Perspective on a Confrontation at a Buddhist Seminary l’enquête menée par Investigative Poetry Group (Ed Sanders etc. Naropa Institute, 1977). L’article Behind the veil of Boulder Buddhism et l’interview avec Allen Ginsberg When the Party's over). Il y a l’incident, les réactions immédiates auxquelles il a donné lieu (entre autres les « Guerres des poètes de Naropa »), le storytelling au sujet de Trungpa par ses disciples, et la perception de Chogyam Trungpa par d'autres lamas tibétains. C’est le dernier aspect qui m’intéresse plus particulièrement aujourd’hui.
De manière générale, les lamas tibétains admirent Chogyam Trungpa pour son habileté. Il avait réussi à transformer une bande de hippies, de chercheurs spirituels, de manifestants anti guerre de Vietnam, des rebelles anti-système « se lavant au savon végétal », et à les faire se prosterner devant quelqu’un dans une uniforme kaki[1], à porter des costumes cravate et des uniformes khaki en les faisant marcher au pas, nous raconte Dzongsar Khyentsé R. Il se souvient que Dilgo Khyentsé Rinpoché I avait même une photo de Trungpa sur son autel où il portait l’uniforme coloniale britannique.
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| Gardes Kasoung |
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| Staff of Kalapa Court, Mapleton Avenue, 1976 |
Thrangu R. aussi rit encore de bon cœur quand il repense au coup de maître de Trungpa (vidéo Vimeo à 10:45), les hippies aux cheveux longs et aux habits fantasques qu’il avait réussi à mettre en uniforme par les instructions de Shambala, ou mis au travail en leur faisant porter des costumes-cravate.
Sogyal Lakar, qui visita Trungpa à Boulder en 1976 fut aussitôt séduit par le style de vie de Trungpa et changea radicalement de méthode dès son retour à Londres[2]. Il gronda ses propres disciples pour manquer d’ambitions mondaines et se fit désormais appeler « Précieux » (Rinpoché).
Ce n’est finalement pas si différent de la pleine conscience ou de la compassion en entreprise ou dans l’armée. Un peu de pleine conscience et de compassion, pour ne pas oublier qu’au fond on est quelqu’un de bien et que nos réticences bouddhistes n’ont pas à freiner la marche du monde et la réussite des uns et des autres.
Pour finir un extrait d'une conservation entre Chogyam Trungpa et Allen Ginsberg suite à l'affaire Merwin :
[1] « At a time when the Beatles had ponytails and it was all the fashion to wear bell-bottoms, smoke marijuana, wash with vegetable soap, and keep long fingernails, there was a rebellious freedom in the air, a trend of going slightly against the system.There was also a trend of spiritual seeking.
Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche came along and insisted that all the Vietnam War-protesting Dharma students wear khaki uniforms, ties, and suits with pins. He even made them march like British soldiers on American soil. He combined Japanese simplicity and elegance with colonial British style and imposed all of this on the Woodstock-going hippies. It sounds crazy, but each command was so skillful. » — Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, The Guru Drinks Bourbon?
[2] « At first Sogyal was “one of the boys”, but took off for a while to visit Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, who pioneered Tibetan Buddhism in the USA. Trungpa was a formidably intelligent iconoclast who acquired a nationwide following, with a formula that shook Buddhist America to the core and generated enthusiasm wherever he alighted. In contrast to the more familiar austerities of Zen Buddhism, Trungpa offered authentic Tibetan theory and practice in tandem with a sybaritic lifestyle. An early American seeker, Victoria Barlow, recalls meeting Sogyal in Boulder, Colorado in 1976: “Sogyal was enthralled by Trungpa’s sexual conquests,” she says, “he told me outright that he wanted what Trungpa had and aimed to achieve a rock star lifestyle.” Sogyal returned to London in a radically altered state of mind – berating his students for their lack of worldly ambition and demanding to be treated like a “precious one”. » Behind the Thangkas, Mary Finnegan.
[3] "I am little reluctant to send people to the caves. I want actually to do this: What I want them to do is, dwell in the lay person situation, have devotion and really have a trust to the right view which is emptiness or the four seals of whatever, interdependent arising. Take refuge wholeheartedly to the triple gem. And then, yes be the president, be the prime minister, be the business person, very competitive. But once you have this, specially the right view, what will happen is you will be actually much better business person. Look, this is what will happen. You will plan, you will have this plan. And because of the right view, one part of you will tell to you, it might not work, whatever you are planning. Your competitor doesn’t know this. They are so blind, it will work. So you are actually end up making plan A, plan B, whatever plan you make you also ready that any of this will collapse, any time. You understand? So this way what you will end up become? You become a successful reluctant president, successful reluctant prime minister, successful reluctant business man or woman. And this is what I think you should aim for if you are asking me."
~ Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche's "Parting from the Four Attachments", Nepal June 2009 (videos via YouTube )
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| Google employees meditated during a motivational class in 2012. Credit Peter DaSilva for The New York Times |
Dzongsar Khyentse R. explique qu’il ne souhaite pas que ses disciples partent méditer dans des grottes. Il veut qu’il restent des laïques et qu’ils aient de la dévotion tout en suivant la doctrine bouddhiste. Et puis qu’ils deviennent président, premier-ministre, des hommes d’affaires très compétitifs. Qu’ils réussissent, en étant très compétitifs, mais tout en restant un peu réticent... Une sorte de taqîya sociale qui vise à dissimuler le bouddhiste derrière l’homme d’affaires, l’officier d'armée, le président etc. que l’on « jouerait » (sct. līlā) à fond[3]. Dans l'autre sens, il organise des formations de management pour les tulkous et les abbés, pour en faire des bons gestionnaires. Des éveillés à la recherche de leur gestionnaire intérieur.
Ce n’est finalement pas si différent de la pleine conscience ou de la compassion en entreprise ou dans l’armée. Un peu de pleine conscience et de compassion, pour ne pas oublier qu’au fond on est quelqu’un de bien et que nos réticences bouddhistes n’ont pas à freiner la marche du monde et la réussite des uns et des autres.
Pour finir un extrait d'une conservation entre Chogyam Trungpa et Allen Ginsberg suite à l'affaire Merwin :
« [Trungpa] dit, eh bien le problème avec Merwin — c'était il y a quelques jours — il dit, le problème de Merwin était la vanité. Il dit, je voulais me charger de lui en m'ouvrant totalement à lui, en mettant de côté toutes les barrières. “C'était un pari.” dit-il. Alors je demandais était-ce un erreur ? Il répondit “Non.” Alors je dis que si c'était un pari et que cela n'avait pas marché, pourquoi ne serait-ce pas une erreur? Eh bien, parce que maintenant tous les étudiants doivent y réfléchir, cela servira d'exemple, et leur fera peur. Alors je rétorquai “Et si tout le monde en parle à l'extérieur, cela ne causerait pas un scandale énorme?” Et Trungpa de répondre, “Eh bien, ne sois pas étonné de découvrir que tout l'enseignement se réduit finalement à la vacuité et la docilité.”[4]
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[1] « At a time when the Beatles had ponytails and it was all the fashion to wear bell-bottoms, smoke marijuana, wash with vegetable soap, and keep long fingernails, there was a rebellious freedom in the air, a trend of going slightly against the system.There was also a trend of spiritual seeking.
Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche came along and insisted that all the Vietnam War-protesting Dharma students wear khaki uniforms, ties, and suits with pins. He even made them march like British soldiers on American soil. He combined Japanese simplicity and elegance with colonial British style and imposed all of this on the Woodstock-going hippies. It sounds crazy, but each command was so skillful. » — Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, The Guru Drinks Bourbon?
[2] « At first Sogyal was “one of the boys”, but took off for a while to visit Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, who pioneered Tibetan Buddhism in the USA. Trungpa was a formidably intelligent iconoclast who acquired a nationwide following, with a formula that shook Buddhist America to the core and generated enthusiasm wherever he alighted. In contrast to the more familiar austerities of Zen Buddhism, Trungpa offered authentic Tibetan theory and practice in tandem with a sybaritic lifestyle. An early American seeker, Victoria Barlow, recalls meeting Sogyal in Boulder, Colorado in 1976: “Sogyal was enthralled by Trungpa’s sexual conquests,” she says, “he told me outright that he wanted what Trungpa had and aimed to achieve a rock star lifestyle.” Sogyal returned to London in a radically altered state of mind – berating his students for their lack of worldly ambition and demanding to be treated like a “precious one”. » Behind the Thangkas, Mary Finnegan.
[3] "I am little reluctant to send people to the caves. I want actually to do this: What I want them to do is, dwell in the lay person situation, have devotion and really have a trust to the right view which is emptiness or the four seals of whatever, interdependent arising. Take refuge wholeheartedly to the triple gem. And then, yes be the president, be the prime minister, be the business person, very competitive. But once you have this, specially the right view, what will happen is you will be actually much better business person. Look, this is what will happen. You will plan, you will have this plan. And because of the right view, one part of you will tell to you, it might not work, whatever you are planning. Your competitor doesn’t know this. They are so blind, it will work. So you are actually end up making plan A, plan B, whatever plan you make you also ready that any of this will collapse, any time. You understand? So this way what you will end up become? You become a successful reluctant president, successful reluctant prime minister, successful reluctant business man or woman. And this is what I think you should aim for if you are asking me."
~ Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche's "Parting from the Four Attachments", Nepal June 2009 (videos via YouTube )
[4] " He said, well, the problem with Merwin — this was several years ago — he said, Merwin’s problem was vanity. He said, I wanted to deal with him by opening myself up to him completely, by putting aside all barriers. “It was a gamble.” he said. So I said, was it a mistake? He said, “Nope.” So then I thought, if it was a gamble that didn’t work, why wasn’t it a mistake? Well, now all thestudents have to think about it —so it serves as an example, and a terror. But then I said, “What if the outside world hears about this, won’t there be a big scandal?” And Trungpa said, “Well, don’t be amazed to find that actually the whole teaching is simply emptiness and meekness.” When the Party’s Over, interview avec Allen Ginsberg dans Boulder Monthly, mars 1979.
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