samedi 17 septembre 2022

Correspondence with Bokar Rinpoche 35 years ago

Bokar R and Khenpo Lodrö Donyö
in Naro-Ling retreat center

It was the last year of our retreat. The temple of Kagyu Ling had been inaugurated in August 1987 by Kalu Rinpoche I, who visited us in retreat to discuss our future after the retreat. The huge loan that allowed this temple to be built dramatically impacted the program / business plan of the center, and some of us who initially planned to stay didn’t know what to do to improve the situation. Trungpa and his organisation was still more or less a model for us, and we naively asked for a Tibetan Khenpo, a senior teacher, to help us set up a program. We had already written several letters to Kalu Rinpoche I, to inform him indirectly of our worries. The date of the end of our retreat coming nearer, I decided at the end of September 1987 to write a personal letter to Bokar Rinpoche, to directly inform him about my worries and ask him for advice. After my retreat I stayed on for a while in Kagyu-Ling, and helped to train the future retreatants, mainly Tibetan courses. 

Meeting with Ponlop Rinpoche, Kagyu Ling, 1988

I translated for Ponlop Rinpoche during his visit to Kagyu-Ling, and with a friend we discussed with him the possibility of a French translation/edition of his Nalandakirti Journal and of having one of his Khenpos to teach us. This was a very naive idea considering the rivalrous relations between Tibetan schools (in spite of the name Dagshang Kagyu), and obviously the Bhutanese lamas of Kagyu-Ling would never have accepted a Kagyu Khenpo to steal their thunder. When I learned from Lama Sherab Dorji, that the “Khenpo” of his future Shedra (Buddhist college) would be his (unqualified) cousin/brother, and the future director of the retreat (sgrub dpon) his brother, and the whole place would turn into a family business, I felt totally disheartened, and distantiated myself from anything in the center, while preparing to leave. During a visit, Situ Rinpoche heard our story, but then in the evening unexpectedly took sides with the Bhutanese lamas and "implicitly" criticized us during a public teaching. That marked the end of my Tibetan Buddhist project.

In 2011, after a series of scandals and abuse, the successor of Kalu Rinpoche, with the support of Situ Rinpoche, got rid of the Bhutanese lamas, and replaced them by Western lamas, making many enemies, in doing so.

Below is a copy of the letter (English is original) I wrote to Bokar Rinpoche in September 1987, followed by Bokar Rinpoche’s answer (French is original) written down by Lama Chokyi Senge.

I will add the translations (French for my letter, English for Bokar Rinpoche’s letter) as footnotes. As can be seen in my blog list, my opinion on Trungpa changed dramatically.


My letter typed by my American friend Betty McDonald
"Dear Bokar Rinpoche

I am writing this letter because I want to tell you about my feelings on some matters which cause a great worry to me and others. I write this letter in english so as to be able to express myself clearly, knowing that you yourself and Khenpo Rinpoche read the english language. If some points of this letter seem obscure to you, please don't hesitate to ask Chokyi Senge, François Jacquemart to explain them to you.

This letter mainly contains my concerns for the development of Dharma in general. Most of them have already been presented in the last letters Naro-ling wrote to the Most Venerable Kalu Rinpoche on the occasion of the last two "Losar", but in a more or less hidden manner. This time I feel It’s necessary to talk about it more openly and frankly. Please excuse me if I don't respect the protocol at this point, but I think the highest respect and esteem one can show to anyone is being sincere and truthful and not play 'nice weather' while the storm is raging outside.

So truth being the essence of Buddhism, I feel the best homage towards a Buddhist Master is being sincere and direct.

In fact that's what has attracted me and many others towards Buddhism, being tired of all the lies and corruptions in everyday life and even in the religion we used to grow up in. I know one cannot limit a religion to the mere actions of its followers, but still if a religion is not lived up to and put into practice properly, it's a dead religion.

I don't mean to teach you anything, but I'll simply expose my way of seeing things so that you might give me some useful suggestions.

During the last visit of the Most Venerable Kalu Rinpoche each one of us had a very short private talk with him. I and other persons told him we intended more or less to stay in Kagyu-ling in spite of all the problems. Since the beginning of my stay in Kagyu-ling I saw things gradually decay outwardly Kagyu-Ling becomes bigger and bigger and more and more beautiful and renown, but inwardly an enormous degeneration has taken place for those who live there constantly and look at it with open eyes.

Whoever follows the annual programmes of Kagyu-Ling can state that there are less and less Dharma courses and more and more courses of pseudo-spiritual disciplines, alternative ways of living and healing of all kinds which are not even acknowledged in the West. Being organised in a Buddhist Center they give a very cheap and poor look of Buddhism and degrade it into a fashion phenomenon. I heard a rumour that such courses wouldn't be given anymore at Kagyu-ling. Let's hope so...

As for the Buddhist courses, I understood Buddhism to be a gradual path, which means that one starts at the beginning, the hinayana level working up towards mahayana and ending up with vajrayana, still continuing to practice the lower levels.

In the programme of Kagyu-ling (and of many other centers) one finds Dharma courses of all kinds and levels mixed up in a very disorganised way, which finally will make people very confused about what and how to practice. In fact very often the first teachings people receive are vajrayana initiations and teachings, to which they feel attracted because of their big promises : buddhahood in one lifetime, psychic powers etc..

Such people bring along with them all their expectations, ideals ... so if they don't start right at the beginning, made to face facts and reality about what they really are, and about what Buddhism is really about, it's only too normal that they lose heart, get frustrated in the end and drop out considering the promises of vajrayana as mere empty talk.

There are many "drop outs". At your visits to France, to Kagyu-Ling you might notice that, in spite of the new students, people who take refuge etc. there is always an equal number of visitors which doesn't grow or not much. You might also notice that every time there are a lot of new faces, and that many old faces are not there anymore, except for a core of loyal practitioners. Even in retreat we frequently receive letters and news from people who are disappointed and hope things will become better.

Hearing about all these news we felt sad about the Dharma situation in the West. Especially because of its very deceptive and illusory development : outwardly seeming to develop more and more while inwardly the confusion becomes bigger and bigger. At the same time we felt motivated in helping to change the situation. From within such a hope and fear feeling we wrote a letter to the Most Venerable Kalu Rinpoche telling him how… [missing page ?]

If a lama or practitioner acknowledges his own imperfections and doesn't hide or ignore them, then there is no problem. Such a person still can be very inspiring because of the rare quality of his sincerity. Trungpa Rinpoche was like that ; he didn't hide smoking, drinking, having sex etc., and was very fond of truth and sincerity. For that very reason, people all over the world were fond of him.

As for the quality of the teachings given at Kagyu-ling (I don't know for the other Dharma centers), I know that one cannot blame the lamas for not being Khenpos, that's not the point. But ten years ago in Kagyu-Ling they taught worthwhile basic subjects of Buddhism. Nowadays - I happen to read some transcripts of teachings by lama Sherab - it is pure rubbish. Forgive me this term, but it expresses the best what it is. Being a translator I would feel bad and ashamed translating such teachings.

The best thing would be to have a Khenpo living permanently in Kagyu-Ling. Or if that's impossible at this moment, to give intensive courses of study and practice for one month and to establish a gradual programme. For instance the first year a month's course on hinayana philosophy and meditation. Next year a month's course on mahayana for those who followed last year's course etc. Such a planned study programme is used in every school, university, Shedra (shes gvra) and is very effective. This method could also be used for teaching Dharma in the West.

As things present themselves at the moment Kagyu-ling looks like a big factory or Disneyland, being preoccupied by producing quantity and fame rather than quality and helping people to learn how to handle themselves and their lives properly. Because of radio, television and press, Kagyu-Ling is very well known in France, which can turn out to be very dangerous at this stage of its development which is only outward. Whoever has a good look behind the scenes will see through the bright and colourful cardboard scenery. If the development of Kagyu-ling continues to be a mere outer one without having any solid inner substance, then where is the difference with the Krishna movement which has been destroyed by the same radio, television and press in France ?

We would be very eager to help to improve this situation and to fill up the inner hollowness of Kagyu ling, but without the blessings of the Most Venerable Kalu Rinpoche and yourself it will be impossible.

Some of us were planning to stay at Kagyu ling, continuing to study, practice while helping at the centre in the hope of the situation getting slowly better. In fact we had a lot of hope in your visit to Kagyu-Ling. But, right at the day after you left, there seemed to have been a very unpleasant meeting in which the commercial reasons once again triumphed over the facilities for Dharma practice and activities. This and other incidents following show us that the same old tendency is still being maintained, right after your visit and with your very presence in France. So this gives the impression that what happens at Kagyu-Ling is approved by the Most Venerable Kalu Rinpoche and by yourself, which is something we can impossibly believe.

During this period in which we are still in retreat, making plans for our future, and in which the Most Venerable Kalu Rinpoche and yourself are still in Europe, I would like to ask you to give your reactions and some useful suggestions on how to go on further. I probably will stay in Kagyu ling looking for possibilities of Dharma study and practice in a positive environment and waiting for your return to France. I think you must be aware of the gravity of the Dharma situation in France, but nevertheless to clear away any doubts I wrote you this letter, trying to be as sincere and objective as possible.

Praying that all your projects of Dharma activity may be accomplished, 
I remain yours in the Dharma
Tsultrim Namdak
[1]
Réponse de Bokar R, rédigé par Lama Sengué

The answer from Bokar Rinpoche [original in French]

Bien cher lama Tsultrim Namdak,

Bokar Rinpoché a bien reçu la lettre que tu lui as envoyée en Espagne. Le Khèmpo [Lodreu Deunyeu], qui a dû se faire opérer (pas grave) était resté en France. J'ai donc dû traduire en entier. Bokar Rinpoché a été très intéressé par tes propos, me les a fait traduire deux fois, la seconde fois a pris des notes (pour en parler à Kalou R. je crois), puis a communiqué ta lettre aux Khèmpo, une fois de retour en France. En fait, il était très conscient des questions que tu soulèves de par ce qu'il a vu lui-même, et de par plusieurs personnes qui lui en avaient déjà parlé. Il considère qu'effectivement la situation du Dharma en France est assez attristante car très superficielle.

Concernant plus particulièrement ton souhait de rester à Kagyu Ling et d'essayer d'améliorer la situation, Bokar R. me demandes de te transmettre de sa part la réponse suivante :

“Vous avez beaucoup de diligence pour étudier et pratiquer le Dharma; plus particulièrement vous êtes soucieux du développement du Dharma en France m'en avez parlé très franchement, ce que j'apprécie. Bien que je n'ai pu comprendre directement votre lettre par les traductions de Lama Sengué et du Khèmpo, j'en ai bien saisi le sens en détails.

Il est vrai que les centres du Dharma en Occident comportent à la fois des défauts et des qualités. Je le vois moi-même. Toutefois les qualités l'emportent sur les défauts. Il est important que dans l'avenir les premières augmentent et les secondes diminuent. Nous tous disciples de Kalou Rinpoché devons réfléchir aux moyens de cette évolution. Cependant il a été dit par le Bouddha :

“Pour aider les êtres, il y a temps et contre-temps (dus dang dus min)
Pour aider les êtres, il y a moyens et contre-moyens (thabs dang thabs min)”

Ce qui signifie qu'il faut toujours rester très prudents dans notre volonté de réforme. Ne possédant pas la connaissance supranormale d'un Bouddha nous ne pouvons nous fonder que sur notre raison pour savoir si le temps et les méthodes sont appropriés. Il faut non seulement une intention juste, mais aussi ne heurter personne. Il est évident que si vous mécontentiez Lama Chérab, vous vous mettriez dans l'incapacité de faire quoi que ce soit à Plaige. La seule possibilité de changement est d'agir habilement, en vous entendant bien avec Lama Chérab.

Si vous pouvez changer quelque chose, donner une meilleure orientation au centre dans certains aspects, tout en gardant l'harmonie avec Lama Chérab, tant mieux. Sinon, surtout ne vous opposez pas à lui ; et si vous voyez que vous ne pouvez rien faire, ne soyez pas inquiet et consacrez-vous principalement à votre pratique. C’est en fait le plus important et ce sera très utile pour le bien des êtres.”

(fin de la réponse de Bokar R.)
Traduction française par Lama Tcheukyi Sengué (François Jacquemart)
[2]
***

[1] Traduction française automatique (DeepL)

“Cher Bokar Rinpoché

Je vous écris cette lettre parce que je veux vous faire part de mes sentiments sur certains sujets qui me préoccupent beaucoup, ainsi que d'autres personnes. J'écris cette lettre en anglais afin de pouvoir m'exprimer clairement, sachant que vous-même et Khenpo Rinpoché lisez la langue anglaise. Si certains points de cette lettre vous semblent obscurs, n'hésitez pas à demander à Chokyi Senge, François Jacquemart de vous les expliquer.

Cette lettre contient principalement mes préoccupations pour le développement du Dharma en général. La plupart d'entre elles ont déjà été présentées dans les dernières lettres que Naro-ling a écrites au Très Vénérable Kalu Rinpoché à l'occasion des deux derniers "Losar", mais de manière plus ou moins cachée. Cette fois, je pense qu'il est nécessaire d'en parler plus ouvertement et plus franchement. Veuillez m'excuser si je ne respecte pas le protocole à ce stade, mais je pense que le plus grand respect et la plus grande estime que l'on puisse montrer à quelqu'un est d'être sincère et véridique et de ne pas jouer au "beau temps" alors que la tempête souffle à l'extérieur.

La vérité étant l'essence du bouddhisme, je pense que le meilleur hommage à rendre à un maître bouddhiste est d'être sincère et direct.

En fait, c'est ce qui nous a attirés, moi et beaucoup d'autres, vers le bouddhisme, car nous étions fatigués de tous les mensonges et de toutes les corruptions de la vie quotidienne et même de la religion dans laquelle nous avions grandi. Je sais qu'on ne peut pas limiter une religion aux simples actions de ses adeptes, mais si une religion n'est pas vécue et mise en pratique correctement, c'est une religion morte.

Je n'ai pas l'intention de vous apprendre quoi que ce soit, mais je vais simplement exposer ma façon de voir les choses afin que vous puissiez me donner quelques suggestions utiles.

Lors de la dernière visite du Très Vénérable Kalou Rinpoché, chacun d'entre nous a eu un très court entretien privé avec lui. Moi et d'autres personnes lui avons dit que nous avions plus ou moins l'intention de rester à Kagyu-ling en dépit de tous les problèmes. Depuis le début de mon séjour à Kagyu-ling, j'ai vu les choses se dégrader progressivement ; extérieurement, Kagyu-ling devient de plus en plus grand, de plus en plus beau et de plus en plus renommé, mais intérieurement, une énorme dégénérescence s'est produite pour ceux qui y vivent constamment et qui le regardent avec des yeux ouverts.

Quiconque suit les programmes annuels de Kagyu-Ling peut constater qu'il y a de moins en moins de cours sur le Dharma et de plus en plus de cours sur les disciplines pseudo-spirituelles, les modes de vie alternatifs et la guérison de toutes sortes qui ne sont même pas reconnus en Occident. Organisés dans un centre bouddhiste, ils donnent une image très pauvre et bon marché du bouddhisme et le dégradent en un phénomène de mode. J'ai entendu une rumeur selon laquelle de tels cours ne seraient plus donnés à Kagyu-ling. Espérons-le...

En ce qui concerne les cours de bouddhisme, j'ai compris que le bouddhisme était un chemin graduel, ce qui signifie que l'on commence par le début, le niveau hinayana, puis le niveau mahayana et enfin le vajrayana, tout en continuant à pratiquer les niveaux inférieurs.

Dans le programme du Kagyu-ling (et de nombreux autres centres), on trouve des cours du Dharma de toutes sortes et de tous niveaux, mélangés de manière très désorganisée, ce qui finit par rendre les gens très confus quant à ce qu'ils doivent pratiquer et comment. En fait, très souvent, les premiers enseignements que les gens reçoivent sont des initiations et des enseignements vajrayana, vers lesquels ils se sentent attirés en raison de leurs grandes promesses : la bouddhéité en une vie, les pouvoirs psychiques, etc.

Ces personnes apportent avec elles toutes leurs attentes, leurs idéaux... donc si elles ne commencent pas dès le début, si elles ne sont pas confrontées aux faits et à la réalité de ce qu'elles sont vraiment, et de ce qu'est vraiment le bouddhisme, il n'est que trop normal qu'elles perdent courage, qu'elles soient frustrées à la fin et qu'elles abandonnent en considérant les promesses du vajrayana comme de simples paroles en l'air.

Les "abandons" sont nombreux. Lors de vos visites en France, à Kagyu-Ling, vous pourriez remarquer que, malgré les nouveaux étudiants, les personnes qui prennent refuge, etc. il y a toujours un nombre égal de visiteurs qui n'augmente pas ou peu. Vous remarquerez également qu'à chaque fois, il y a beaucoup de nouveaux visages, et que beaucoup d'anciens visages ne sont plus là, à l'exception d'un noyau de pratiquants fidèles. Même en retraite, nous recevons fréquemment des lettres et des nouvelles de personnes qui sont déçues et qui espèrent que les choses vont s'améliorer.

En entendant toutes ces nouvelles, nous nous sommes sentis tristes de la situation du Dharma en Occident. En particulier à cause de son développement très trompeur et illusoire : à l'extérieur, il semble se développer de plus en plus alors qu'à l'intérieur, la confusion devient de plus en plus grande. En même temps, nous nous sentons motivés pour aider à changer la situation. C'est à partir de ce sentiment d'espoir et de crainte que nous avons écrit une lettre au très vénérable Kalou Rinpoché pour lui expliquer comment... [page manquante ?].

Si un lama ou un praticien reconnaît ses propres imperfections et ne les cache pas ou ne les ignore pas, alors il n'y a pas de problème. Une telle personne peut encore être très inspirante en raison de la qualité rare de sa sincérité. Trungpa Rinpoché était ainsi : il ne cachait pas qu'il fumait, buvait, avait des relations sexuelles, etc. et il était très attaché à la vérité et à la sincérité. C'est pour cette raison que les gens du monde entier l'appréciaient.

En ce qui concerne la qualité des enseignements donnés à Kagyu-ling (je ne sais pas pour les autres centres du Dharma), je sais qu'on ne peut pas reprocher aux lamas de ne pas être des Khenpos, ce n'est pas la question. Mais il y a dix ans, à Kagyu-Ling, ils enseignaient des sujets fondamentaux du bouddhisme dignes d'intérêt. Aujourd'hui - il se trouve que j'ai lu des transcriptions d'enseignements du lama Sherab - c'est de la pure camelote. Pardonnez-moi ce terme, mais il exprime le mieux ce qu'il en est. En tant que traducteur, je me sentirais mal et j'aurais honte de traduire de tels enseignements.

La meilleure chose à faire serait d'avoir un Khenpo vivant en permanence dans le Kagyu-Ling. Ou si c'est impossible pour le moment, de donner des cours intensifs d'étude et de pratique pendant un mois et d'établir un programme progressif. Par exemple, la première année, un mois de cours sur la philosophie et la méditation hinayana. L'année suivante, un mois de cours sur le mahayana pour ceux qui ont suivi le cours de l'année précédente, etc. Un tel programme d'étude planifié est utilisé dans chaque école, université, Shedra (shes gvra) et est très efficace. Cette méthode pourrait également être utilisée pour enseigner le Dharma en Occident.

Dans l'état actuel des choses, le Kagyu-ling ressemble à une grande usine ou à Disneyland, préoccupé par la production de quantité et de célébrité plutôt que par la qualité et l'aide aux personnes pour qu'elles apprennent à se gérer et à gérer leur vie correctement. Par la radio, la télévision et la presse, Kagyu-Ling est très connu en France, ce qui peut s'avérer très dangereux à ce stade de son développement qui n'est qu'extérieur. Quiconque regarde bien dans les coulisses verra à travers le décor de carton-pâte brillant et coloré. Si le développement du Kagyu-ling continue à n'être qu'extérieur sans avoir de substance intérieure solide, alors quelle est la différence avec le mouvement Krishna qui a été détruit par la même radio, télévision et presse en France ?

Nous aimerions aider à améliorer cette situation et à combler le vide intérieur du Kagyu-ling, mais sans la bénédiction du Très Vénérable Kalou Rinpoché et de vous-même, ce sera impossible.

Certains d'entre nous avaient l'intention de rester à Kagyu ling, de continuer à étudier et à pratiquer tout en aidant le centre, dans l'espoir que la situation s'améliore lentement. En fait, nous avions beaucoup d'espoir dans votre visite à Kagyu-Ling. Mais, dès le lendemain de votre départ, il semble qu'il y ait eu une réunion très désagréable au cours de laquelle les raisons commerciales ont une fois de plus triomphé des facilités pour la pratique et les activités du Dharma. Cet incident et d'autres qui ont suivi nous montrent que la même vieille tendance se maintient, juste après votre visite et avec votre présence même en France. Cela donne donc l'impression que ce qui se passe à Kagyu-Ling est approuvé par le Très Vénérable Kalou Rinpoché et par vous-même, ce que nous ne pouvons pas croire.

Pendant cette période où nous sommes encore en retraite, où nous faisons des plans pour notre avenir, et où le Très Vénérable Kalou Rinpoché et vous-même êtes encore en Europe, je voudrais vous demander de me faire part de vos réactions et de quelques suggestions utiles pour la suite. Je vais probablement rester dans le Kagyu ling en recherchant des possibilités d'étude et de pratique du Dharma dans un environnement positif et en attendant votre retour en France. Je pense que vous devez être conscient de la gravité de la situation du dharma en France, mais néanmoins pour dissiper tout doute, je vous ai écrit cette lettre, en essayant d'être aussi sincère et objectif que possible.

En priant pour que tous vos projets d'activité du dharma puissent s'accomplir, 
je reste vôtre dans le Dharma
Tsultrim Namdak”

[2] Automatic English translation (Deepl)

"Dear Lama Tsultrim Namdak,

Bokar Rinpoche has received the letter you sent him in Spain. The Khempo [Lodreu Deunyeu], who had to undergo an operation (not serious) remained in France. So I had to translate the whole thing. Bokar Rinpoche was very interested in what you had to say, and he had me translate it twice, and the second time he took notes (to talk to Kalu R. I think), and then he communicated your letter to the Khempo, once he was back in France. In fact, he was very aware of the questions you raise because of what he saw himself, and because of several people who had already spoken to him about it. He considers that the situation of the Dharma in France is indeed quite saddening because it is very superficial.

Concerning more specifically your wish to stay in Kagyu Ling and to try to improve the situation, Bokar R. asked me to pass on to you the following answer from him:

"You are very diligent in studying and practicing the Dharma; in particular you are concerned about the development of the Dharma in France and have spoken to me very frankly about it, which I appreciate. Although I could not understand your letter directly, thanks to the translations of Lama Senge and the Khempo, I understood the meaning in detail.

It is true that the Dharma centers in the West have both defects and qualities. I see this myself. However, the qualities outweigh the defects. It is important that in the future the former increase and the latter decrease. All of us disciples of Kalu Rinpoche have to think about the means of this evolution. However it was said by the Buddha:

"To help beings, there are times and counter-times (dus dang dus min)
To help beings, there are means and counter-means (thabs dang thabs min)"

This means that we must always be very careful in our desire for reform. Since we do not have the supra-normal knowledge of a Buddha, we can only rely on our reason to know if the time and methods are appropriate. Not only do we have to have the right intention, but we also have to not offend anyone. It is obvious that if you displease Lama Cherab, you will not be able to do anything in Plaige. The only way to change is to act skillfully, getting along well with Lama Cherab.

If you can change something, give a better direction to the center in some aspects, while keeping the harmony with Lama Cherab, so much the better. If not, don't oppose him; and if you see that you can't do anything, don't be worried and devote yourself mainly to your practice. This is actually the most important thing and it will be very useful for the good of beings."

(end of Bokar R.'s answer)
French translation by Lama Tcheukyi Sengué (François Jacquemart)

jeudi 1 septembre 2022

Dare to know - Sapere aude

Sapere aude - Dare to know[1]

Sacrifice of Iphigenia (detail), Naples National Archaeological Museum

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest: I was a student of the former Kalu Rinpoche (1905-1989).

The Dutch journalist Rob Hogendoorn (Open Buddhism website) published a short article “Enlightened Fleaing” on the public endorsement by Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche and Kalu Rinpoche in the aftermath of the controversy around the Vajra Regent Ösel Tendzin. The article contains some interesting links such as a recording of the talk by Kalu Rinpoche to students of Chögyam Trungpa and the Vajra Regent and members of the Dharmadhātu center in Los Angeles on December 22th 1988. At that occasion Kalu Rinpoche was translated into English by Chökyi Nyima (Richard Barron). A short summary of questions and answers can be found in this article by Tashi Armstrong, Director of Dzogchen Meditation Center “which is dedicated to engaging the pith teachings of the Vidyadhara Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche and Vajra Regent Osel Tendzin within a retreat setting”. 

The day before, December 21st 1988
(Youtube screen capture, "how to chose an authentic teacher")

Hearing the voices of Kalu Rinpoche and Richard Barron brought back memories to me, but this time, some forty years later, the effect was very different and quite terrifying. I recommend following the link to Stuart Lachs’ article Tibetan Buddhism Enters the 21st Century: Trouble in Shangri-la for general background information about what follows. The part that particularly interests me here in Lachs’ article is the following.
It is widely recognized that sexual abuse is to a large extent about power. That seems to be the case with the teachers discussed in this paper. Trungpa often had sex with the wives and girlfriends of students, and at the snap of a finger could have disciples forcibly stripped naked whether they agreed to it or not. A close disciple of Sogyal stated that Sogyal slept with the wives of some of his students, that is, aside from seducing other women, married or single who came to him for spiritual counseling. This is on top of the physical abuse and humiliation he dealt to his dakinis. The Sakyong we saw also seduced many young women, some involved with other men and ghosted them when he was finished with them. The Vajra Regent liked straight men who had no previous homosexual experience, in one case it was a young man less then half his age who he infected with HIV.” (Trouble in Shangri-la)
It’s the Vajra Regent’s transmission of HIV to his sexual partners, knowing he had AIDS, that had caused the turmoil in the “Vajradhatu International Buddhist Church”.
Osel Tendzin, the 45-year-old regent of the Vajradhatu International Buddhist Church, is said to be in seclusion in La Jolla, Calif., and could not be reached for comment. Many members have urged that he resign, after a man with whom he had sex received a positive test for the AIDS virus. In December, a high priest of Tibetan Buddhism told a group of American Buddhists that there was concern that Mr. Tendzin ''might have passed this on to many, many people.'' (New York Times February 21st, 1989).
The “high priest” mentioned in the article was no doubt Kalu Rinpoche. Here are some extracts from his talk to Trungpa students on December 22th 1988.
All of you here have as your main lama Trungpa Rinpoche. And after him your lama is the Vajra Regent Osel Tendzin. Now in the Vajrayana our main samaya is to our root lama and after this with our vajra brothers and sisters. Now, basically there are many ways of describing samaya to the root lama but in brief one would say that one must regard everything that they do with sacred vision – whatever they do as being excellent. And we must take as truth everything that they say. These two points briefly summarize the samaya that one has with the root lama.

So we must never turn away from your faith and your respect and devotion for the lama. Now once again your main root lama is Trungpa Rinpoche and the Vajra Regent Osel Tendzin is also your lama. So all of you have a very strong connection as vajra brothers and sisters. It’s important for all of you because you have this very close samaya with your teacher and with one another that there be no anger, fighting, disharmony within the sangha. And if this is the case if you are able to maintain your samaya connection with your lamas and with one another. Then it is possible for any sickness, any disturbance to be pacified and to disappear and that all of you continue your practice in great happiness and in great harmony.”

Getting upset, getting angry at persons you feel are spreading AIDS or spreading disturbance within the sangha is only breaking samaya. There is absolutely no benefit whatsoever to doing this.

So what we have to do as to our practice is to put our trust in the three jewels to help persons who have AIDS or other sicknesses to do what we can to benefit others. If in the future the American government comes in and says these persons are spreading diseases – if they come to that particular conclusion. A person who is in that situation has to admit what has happened. We have no other means but to face up to the government authorities if they happen to investigate this particular situation, but this isn’t our role as Buddhists.”
The transmission of HIV was obviously an aggravating factor, and the direct cause of the negative media publicity. The promiscuous conduct of the teachers in itself wouldn’t have made the headlines, and would certainly not have caused a turmoil in the Vajradhatu saṅgha. See the following exchange of questions and answers.
56:08 Question: Rinpoche you have said many things in terms of proper attitude for the students towards the teacher. I am wondering what is the proper attitude for the teacher towards the students at this time and also towards the students that the teacher may have, in some way, physically, or causing them to experience so much negative emotion.

57:55 [Translator (Richard Barron) sighs] Well you know, he gives the example of Marpa and Milarepa [slight laughter in the audience]. Marpa was terrible to Milarepa. He forced him to undergo a tremendous number of hardships. His whole body back and front was one big scar. Marpa insisted and had given him the command to build a nine-story house all by himself. A tremendously difficult task that Marpa had Milarepa do. So Rinpoche says this is an example of a lama being extremely hard on his student, making a lot of difficulties for his student. He says the lama acts in various ways.

59:36 Or, for example, in the past Nāropa had a wife. He loved his wife very very much. Tilopa asked Nāropa to offer his wife to Tilopa. Nāropa did so with sacred vision (tib. dag snang) and faith and respect to his lama. Tilopa was very pleased by this particular offering and he was very happy to be with Nāropa’s wife (laughter). However, at one particular occasion they were out in public and Nāropa had a chance to see his wife again and he looked very longingly at his wife. Tilopa noticed this and got completely enraged at Nāropa and said ‘How do you dare look at this woman with desire and he beat him, so he wasn’t able to move for a few days (laughter).

1:00:45 Question: Rinpoche, when we study the stories of the teachers, we understand that the teacher has done those things with full consciousness of knowing what he is doing. In this particular case the Regent has said that he did what he did through ignorance. This does not seem the same.

[In his translation of the question, the translator refers to the stories of the 84 mahāsiddhas and the “full consciousness” is translated as clairvoyance (abhijñā, mngon shes). Ignorance is translated as avidyā, ma rig pa.]

1:02:40 Whatever the case, when we take refuge, we take refuge in the saṅgha and we take refuge in two levels of the saṅgha, both the higher, the enlightened saṅgha, those persons who have both extraordinary mental powers and full consciousness as you say, they have miracle powers, but we also take refuge in the saṅgha of ordinary persons who teach the dharma and lead us to liberation. However Rinpoche says whether in this case it’s appropriate to say that Ösel Tendzin is a member of the Enlightened saṅgha or the Saṅgha of ordinary beings, he says well, students are often unable to see the full enlightenment or the miracle powers of the other teachers. E.g in the region where Marpa lived, except for very few people of that particular region, nobody had any awareness of his complete enlightenment as well as of his miracle powers. People just referred to him as old man Marpa.”
cliquer pour aggrandir

The anecdote about Nāropa told by Kalu Rinpoche comes from Nāropa’s hagiography (mKhas grub kun gyi gtusg rgyan paN chen nA ro pa’i rnam thar ngo mtshar rmad byung), written by Lha’i btsun pa Rin chen rNam rGyal (1473 - 1557), a student of Tsangnyön Heruka (1452–1507), 500 years after Nāropa’s life (11th century). It differs from the anecdote told by Kalu Rinpoche in that Tilopa beats up the “girl”, Nāropa’s sexual consort (mudrā). Below is Guenther’s translation of the passage. I added the Tibetan terms between brackets. Mahāmudrā has to be understood here in the tantric sense of mahāmudrā.
Again Tilopa acted [sat silent and motionless] for one year as before. When Nāropa made his maṇḍala and venerated him with folded hands, Tilopa glanced once at him. Nāropa prayed and asked for instruction. 'If you want instruction, give me your girl (shes rab ma)!' When Nāropa did so, the girl turned her back to Tilopa, looked at Nāropa, smiled and cast sidelong glances at him. Tilopa beat her (phyag rgya mo) and said: 'You do not care for me, you only care for Nāropa.' Nāropa did not lose faith in the propriety of his Guru's action, and when he sat there happily without the girl, Tilopa asked him: 'Are you happy, Nāropa?'
And Naropa answered
:

Bliss is to offer the Mudrā as fee
To the Guru who is Buddha himself, unhesitatingly[2].

Tilopa said:

You are worthy of bliss eternal, Nāropa,
On the path of infinite Reality.
Look into the mirror of your mind, which is Mahāmudrā,
The mysterious home (gsang ba’i gnas) of the Ḍākinī[3].

And he gave him the instruction on the illumining Mahāmudrā transcending awareness
.” (The Life and Teaching of Nāropa, Herbert V. Guenther, Shambala, 1995, p. 80)
The girl was not Nāropa’s wife, but the mudrā he found a year earlier when Tilopa told him to get a mudrā (phyag rgya ma long). But in the context of the Vajradhatu situation, “wife” certainly was more appropriate. It showed that in a classic or optimal guru-student relationship, a student would give up his/her wife/partner happily and “unhesitatingly”. The relationship between Tilopa and Nāropa is often quoted as a model for the guru-student relation, especially when things go awry.

A couple years later (1992), another “high priest” of Tibetan Buddhism conveyed to Trungpa’s students that if a lama showed sexual interest in one, it ought to be considered an honor. During a Dzogchen retreat, Gyatrul Rinpoche (born in 1925) talked to a large group about the proper conduct for students to whom a lama bodhisattva shows sexual interest:
"So if you are doing the Shambhala training, and if you have faith in the place of Shambhala and in those great enlightened beings who have manifested in this place for our welfare, then the blessings that enter your mind will be very swift, and this will help increase your own understanding of your Buddha nature. … Shambhala is not to be mistaken with Shangri-la. Everyone thinks: ‘I want to go there.’ But that’s just made up, that’s a movie…. Now this is really not my business, but I want to mention anyway, to some of the women who are the sagyum, or the consorts, of Trungpa Rinpoche, you should be very careful about your attitude. Don’t have an ordinary mind about it, thinking in an ordinary sense: ‘Oh, he slept with me, so I’m equal to him; this makes me special, because he slept with me.’ This is not the way that a sagyum of someone like this should think. It’s the sagyum’s responsibility to consider that he saw in you a karmic connection that could be cultivated. And consider that it was because of his kindness in recognizing your karma that there was an ability to cultivate that and bring that out. If you have an attitude of him with humility and devotion, then if you follow whatever teachings he gave you, because of the special aspect of your connection with him this can be of tremendous benefit to you. If you cultivate your situation, you can then go ahead and be of tremendous benefit to others. But if you fail to see the level of the connection and think of it as being only ordinary, and elevate your pride and ego, you’ve really failed in that connection. That would be like sleeping with a king-but he was not a king, he was a great bodhisattva. There’s a difference."[4]
Coming back to Kalu Rinpoche, what is more disturbing in the context of the Vajra Regent’s knowingly spreading of AIDS is preventing one of his own students from informing Vajradhatu students about the Vajra Regent’s situation. 
In Los Angeles, Lama Ken McLeod[5], a senior student of the late Kalu Rinpoche, consulted with the Center for Disease Control and the Los Angeles Buddhist AIDS Project, then prepared to announce publicly the details of Tendzin’s illness so that those at risk could take appropriate and responsible steps. Before he could do so, senior Vajradhatu officials approached Kalu Rinpoche, then visiting in Los Angeles, and within the hour Ken McLeod was told that Rinpoche required that he not speak publicly about Tendzin. McLeod obeyed the wishes of his teacher.” (The Sun Magazine issue 162, in reaction to the essay When the Teacher fails by Stephen Butterfield)
Some Trungpa students now seem to admit that the Vajra Regent was for the least controversial, but that he is still essential to the transmission of the Trungpa and Shambhala lineage. Without him Trungpa's transmission would be lost.
The Vajra Regent will forever remain a controversial lineage holder in the Trungpa and Shambhala lineage. However he holds a tremendously important place in the transmission of this authentic lineage. He is so important, in fact, that without thoroughly studying and integrating his oral instructions and commentaries this authentic transmission will be lost and the fresh and profound Trungpa lineage will end with our generation. That is why we continue to study and practice according to both the Vidyadhara's and Vajra Regent's instructions.” (Tashi Armstrong)
And that’s why the Vajra Regents rehabilitation was absolutely necessary. Who dies when the lineage live!

***

[1]Originally used in the First Book of Letters (20 BC), by the Roman poet Horace, the phrase Sapere aude became associated with the Age of Enlightenment, during the 17th and 18th centuries, after Immanuel Kant used it in the essay, "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" (1784). As a philosopher, Kant claimed the phrase Sapere aude as the motto for the entire period of the Enlightenment, and used it to develop his theories of the application of reason in the public sphere of human affairs.” Wikipedia

[2] ltos med bla ma sangs rgyas la// shes rab yon phul rnal ‘byor (b)de//

[3] chos nyid klong gi lam chen du// bde yang rung gi nA ro pa// mkha’ ‘gro ma yi gsang ba’i gnas/ phyag chen sems kyi me long ltos// phyag rgya chen po ye shes gsal byed kyi gdams ngag gnang ngo/

[4] Gyatrul Rinpoche, Oral Commentary on the Natural Great Perfection by Dudjom Lingpa, given in Boulder, 1992, trans. Sangye Khandro, ed. Ian Villarreal, later published by (Ashland, Oregon: Mirror of Wisdom Publications, 2000), 58-59

[5] Ken McCleod: "In 1988, I moved away from both the teacher-center model and the minister-church model and developed a consultant-client model. This model later became the basis for Unfettered Mind." Unfettered Mind, About Ken McCleod