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| The Temptation of St. Anthony, 1887 - by Paul Cezanne |
Perfection in an imperfect world[1] comes at a price. Are Perfects, Siddhas, Buddhas, Arhats/Arahants, Saints etc. perfect all the time, 24/7/365? Would it be tolerable for a religion if their fruits weren’t permanent? If the promised awakening, salvation, grace, sanctity, etc. weren’t permanent, would they still be searched after as badly? Wouldn’t it somehow weaken the strength and appeal of the good news (euangelion)?
Why would anybody set up oneself or another as a totally perfect being? Such a being would certainly stand out in an imperfect world, among imperfect beings, and would at least deserve respect from the imperfect ones, some sign of recognition for their perfection. How does one know someone is perfect if one doesn’t live with them all the time? How do we know perfects are perfect all the time, even if nobody is watching? How come we have a certain idea of how perfect beings behave? Who planted the idea of perfection in our heads?
Even though perfection is not possible in this world (and why would it be elsewhere?), we somehow seem to need to believe in it, both individually and collectively. This belief needs a certain maintenance, and it can even be very high maintenance depending on the level of perfection. If something perfect or a perfect being shows lacks or gaps, then the survival of the belief in perfection will need these to be filled or covered up. Filling up breaches in perfection can sometimes be a full time job and there are good and bad jobs, botched jobs hardly covering up the lack of perfection or even drawing attention to them.
“In the Pali canon the arahant emerges not simply as the revealer of the religion or the person worthy of receiving gifts but as one who has attained freedom of mind and heart, has overcome desire and passion, has come to true knowledge and insight, has crossed over the flood (of saṃsāra ) and gone beyond (pāragata ), has destroyed the āsavas (deadly attachments to the world), is versed in the threefold knowledge (tevijja ) of past, present, and future, has achieved the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, and who has attained nibbāna.” Encyclopedia.comAccording to Buddhist sources, the Buddha had declared himself to be an Arahant (Worthy One), and was the one to confirm the state of Arahant in others. It takes an Arahant to know one. It takes a Worthy one to know another Worthy One. When a Worthy one has been confirmed as a Worthy one, is considered by all as a Worthy one, and yet may seem to have his (arahants are male) weaker moments, then questions may arise, and they did arise and according to the Vinaya, the Buddha answered them vigorously.
The Vinaya contains the various sets of vows that religious followers of the Buddha need to follow, the breaking of which may lead to suspension or to expulsion from the Saṅgha. When an Arahant, a perfect monk, seemed to have broken a vow, doubts and questions could arise and be put before the Buddha, like in the following case.
“Bu-Pj.1.10.17 MS.175 At one time a certain monk was lying down in the Jātiyā Grove at Bhaddiya,[22] having gone there to spend the day. And he had an erection because of wind. A certain woman saw him and sat down on his penis; and having taken her pleasure, she departed. The monks, seeing the moisture [kilinna],[23] informed the Master. Vin.3.38 “Monks, an erection occurs for five reasons: because of lust, because of excrement, because of urine, because of wind, because of being bitten by caterpillars. It is impossible, monks, it cannot be, that that monk had an erection because of lust. That monk is an arahant. There is no offence for that monk.” Vinaya Pitaka (1): Bhikkhu-vibhanga (the analysis of Monks’ rules) by I. B. Horner | 2014
Those who don’t see things as they are and don’t know the full context, could have got the wrong picture. They may have perceived lust, where there was none. They may have seen an erection and interpret it hastily as lust, without even considering the four other causes of an erection - thanks to his omniscience the Buddha saw at one glance it was due to wind. And above all they may have forgotten, caught up as they were in their own emotions, that the monk lying down with a harmless erection, was an arahant and therefore beyond lust. That a lustful woman doesn’t notice perfection when it stares her in the eye is one thing, but that followers of the Buddha can’t see the full scope of reality beyond mere appearances must have been a real disappointment to the Buddha.
“It is impossible, monks, it cannot be, that that monk had an erection because of lust. That monk is an arahant. There is no offence for that monk.”One can read between the lines this wasn’t the first time the Buddha had to make this point to his recalcitrant followers. Have a look at the other Vinaya stories (same link). Hopefully they learned their lesson and wouldn’t have been so quick to jump to conclusions the other times an Arahant was found in an awkward situation.
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[1] “The Buddha taught that all phenomena, including thoughts, emotions, and experiences, are marked by three characteristics, or “three marks of existence”: impermanence (anicca), suffering or dissatisfaction (dukkha), and not-self (anatta).” The Three Marks of Existence


